Organo-phosphorus compounds containing perfluoroalkyl radicals and their application to cellulosic textiles

ABSTRACT

Cotton is treated with an aqueous solution of zinc fluoroborate catalyst, and thereafter with a solution of a perfluoroalkyl aziridinyl phosphine oxide to impart oil and water repellency thereto.

[151 AMWJM Feb. 11, W72

[54] UGANU-PHOSPHORUS UUMPUUND CUNTATNING PERFLTJURQALKYL Refer n es Ufiedl RADTCALS AND THEIR APPLICATION UNITED STATES PATENTS TU CELLTJLOSTC TEXTILES 2,870,042 1/1959 Chance at al. ..117/136 [72] 1nventors: Leon H. Chance; Jerry P. Moreau, both of 2,889,289 6/1959 Reeves et New Orleans 3,038,776 6/1962 Chance a a1 ..8/l16.2 [73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary 011 Agrficul- Primary Examiner-Murray Katz ture Assistant ExaminerM. R. Lusignan [22] Filed: I Bully m, 1969 Attorney--R. Hoffman and W. Bler [21] App1.No.: 843,200 [57] ABSTRACT Cotton is treated with an aqueous solution of zinc [52] ILLS. C11. ..ll7/56, 8/1 16.2, 1 17/143 R, fluoroborate catalyst, and thereafter with a solution of a per- 260/239 EP fluoroalkyl aziridinyl phosphine oxide Ito impart oil and water l 111- 1 repellency thereto [58] Field 01' Search ..117/56, 139.5 CQ,143 R, 136;

16 02111115, No Drawings OHGANO-PHOSPI-IORUS COMPOUNDS CONTAINING lPERlFLUOROALKYL RADTCALS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CELLULOSIC TEXTILES A nonexclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the world for all purposes of the United States Government, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.

This invention relates to perfluoroalkyl adducts of diethyl vinylphosphonate, to derivatives thereof, to the preparation thereof, and to processes for imparting improved properties to cellulosic textiles by treating said textiles with certain of the perfluoroalkyl phosphorus derivatives of this invention. More specifically, this invention relates to the preparation of perfluoroalkyl phosphonate esters and to the corresponding acids, acid chlorides, and aziridinyl derivatives, useful in oil and water repellent finishes for textiles and also useful as chemical intermediates and potential foaming agents.

DEFINITIONS 1. Telomers are polymers of low molecular weight such as are encountered, for example, in the free-radical addition of an addendum XY to ethylene, which may be represented as )(Y:t-,,Cl-I :CH X(CH CH ),,Y where n is small; the process is known as telomerization. Kingzetts Chemical Encyclopaedia, 9th Ed.

2. Telomerization does not differ essentially from other polymerization catalyzed by free radicals. it arises merely because enough of a sufficiently reactive compound is present to act as a chain transfer reagent, but the concentration and reactivity are not high enough to give rise chiefly to 1,2, additron."

Carl R. Nollers Chemistry of Organic Compounds The main object of the instant invention is to provide new phosphonic compounds containing a perfluoroalkyl radical connected to the phosphorus atom by an ethylene (CI-I CFI linkage.

A second object of the instant invention is to provide methods of preparing new perfluoroalkyl phosphonic compounds.

A third object of the instant invention is to provide a process for imparting to cotton and other cellulosic materials both oil and water repellency using some of the new compounds of the instant invention.

A fourth object of the invention is to provide a process for imparting to cotton and other cellulosic textiles resistance to soiling and staining.

Searching the prior art we find that a dialkyl phosphonate reacts with tetrafluoroethylene in a pressure vessel using a free radical initiator to produce products of the general formula H(CF CH )nPO(OR) [Neal D. Brace, J. Org. Chem. 26,

3197 (1961).] These products have a terminal hydrogen atom on the perfluoro group, and consequently are not as effective in producing oil and water repellency as similar products in which the terminal hydrogen is replaced by a fluorine atom.

One improvement which is a facet of the present invention over the prior art is this. We have found that compounds of the present invention impart excellent oil repellency and moderate water repellency to cellulosic materials because the perfluoro group has a terminal CF group instead of a terminal HCF group.

In the course of investigation we have found that compounds of the general formula L mime J where n is an integer from l to 10, R is an alkyl radical, and y is an integer from 1 to 3 can be prepared by reacting a perfluoroalkyl iodide with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate in the presence ofa free radical catalyst.

(A) Reducing agent acid hydrolysis aziridine u F2u+l CHz-CH where n is an integer from 1 to l0, and y is an integer from I to 3.

In accordance with the present invention the reaction of the dialkyl vinylphosphonate with the perfluoroalkyl iodide is carried out by heating in the presence of a select catalyst. Typical catalysts suitable for the reaction are organic peroxides, such as ditertbutylperoxide or azobisnitriles such as azobis(isobutyronitrile). Two main products are obtained from this type reaction and include the monomeric per fluoroalkyl iodide adduct and a telomer in which the dialkyl phosphonate moiety is dimeric. A mixture of unidentified higher molecular weight telomers are also obtained. Typical examples are represented by the reaction of diethyl vinylphosphonate and perfluoroheptyl iodide to give a monomeric phosphonate ester of the formula C7FI5CH2CH(I)P(O)(OC2H5)2 and a telomer ester of the formula (CzH OhP o) CHCHzOH2P (o) (0 0mm .ullitcfia The conversion of the reduced phosphonate esters to the phosphonic acids is carried out by hydrolysis in the presence of a mineral acid. The preferred acid is hydrochloric acid. The conversion of the phosphonic acids to the phosphonic dichloride is carried out by heating with PCI in a suitable solvent. The preferred solvent is carbon tetrachloride.

The conversion of the phosphonic dichloride to the diaziridinyl derivative is carried out by reaction with aziridine in a suitable organic solvent in the presence of an acid acceptor. A variety of solvents are suitable and include benzene and chlorinated solvent such as carbon tetrachloride or methylene chloride. Suitable acid acceptors include tertiary organic bases such as triethylamine and inorganic bases such as sodium or potassium hydroxide. The preferred base is triethylamine. Typical diaziridinyl derivatives are represented by a monomer of the formula and a telonier of the'forrmile plied to cellulosic materials from a variety of solvents. Suitable solvents are water, alcohols such as ethanol or methanol and glycol ether-s suchas ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. The preferred solvent is water. The preferred concentration of the phosphine oxides used in thesolutions depends on the particular phosphine oxide being used and on the degree of oil and waterrepellency desired, and may varyabout from 3 to percent by weight of the total solution. Aqueous solutions are preferred. ,v Y

Polymerization" of the phosphine oxides on the cellulosic materialis'carri'ed-outin the presence of latent acid catalysts such magnesium chloride, zinc nitrate, or zinc fluoborate. The catalyst concentration may vary about from 0.5 to 2 percent by weight of the total solution,the preferred concentration depending on the'concentration of the phosphine oxide.

The polymerization on cellulosic materials may be carried out by impregnating the cellulosic material with a solution of thephosphine oxide and catalyst, drying, and curing at temperatures ranging about from 120 to 160 C. for periods of time about from3 to 30 minutes, the longer times being used with the lower temperatures.

Cotton fabrics which have been treated by the processes of this invention are'tested for 'oil repellency, water repellency,

anddrycleaning durability by AATCC Standard Method No.' 118-1966 ;T,'22-1964, and 86-19631, respectively. These tests are recommended by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Laundering durability tests on the cotton fabrics are performed in an automatic home-type washing machine using a detergent, followed by a 50 minutedrying cycle in a tumble dryer. Screening laundry tests were carried out in a Tergitometer using a-detergent.

The following examples illustrate procedures that have been successfully used in carrying outthe'invention and are not meant as a limitation thereof.

PREPARATION oF PERFLUOROALKYLPHOSPHONIC l COMPOUNDS Example 1 Diethyl l-iodo-lH, 21-1, 2H-perfluorononylphosphonate (1a) and 'tetraethyl 1-(1H,1H-perfluoroctyl)-3-iodo-l,3-

trimethylenedipliosphonate (lb) -Diethylvinylphosphonate (57.8 g., 0.35 mole) and perfluoroheptyl iodide (192.1 g., 0.39 mole) were placed into a three-neck rb flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, thermometer, gas inlet tube, and condenser connected to a mercury air trap. Light was excluded by covering the flask with aluminum foil. 'Azobisfisobutyronitrile) catalyst (1.15 g., 0.007 mole) was added and the system flushed with nitrogen. The flask was heated in a water bath to 80 at which temperature an exothermic reaction began. Au ice bath was used to keep the temperature below 150C. Reaction temperature was then maintained at approximately 85" for 6 hours. Unreacted material (95 g.) was removed by vacuum distillation below 50 C. (0.3 mm.). The residue (153.1 g.). was crude mixed lode-esters (l). A small amount of l was distilled under vacuu. The iodo-adduct (la) had b.p. l08- 1 14 C. (0.03 mm.); n D 1.3930. Anal. Calcd. for C H F lO P: C, 23.65; H, 1.99; E4317; 1, 19.22; P, 4.69; mol. wt., 660. Found: C, 23.81; H, 2.02; F, 43.17; 1, 19.09; P, 4.90; mol. wt. (benzene), 650.

- percent yield from DEVP) ofllb, 21 D 1.3857; and l 4.2 g. of residue. The residue was stirred with-absolute ethanol The iodo-telomer (lbl'had b.p.144-146" C. (0.03 mm.); nD 1.4074. Anal. Calcd. for C,H,,F,,10,,P=: C, 27.69; H, 318; F; 34.5 4;'l, 15.40; P, 7.52; mol. wt., 824. Found: C, 27.80; H, 3.14; F, 34.55; 1, 15.18; P, 7.24; mol. wt. (benzene), 830. I

Example 2 1 Diethylll-l,2H,2H-perfluorononylphosphonate (11a) and tetraethyl 1-(11-1, lH-perfluorooctyD-l ,B-trimethylenedisphosphonate (llb)-'A slurry of 30 g. of zinc dust in 200 ml. of ethanol was heated: in a waterbath to 60 C. with stirring. An iethanolic-solutioh of l (153Ll g.) and 75 ml. of cone. hydrochloric acid were added from separate dropping funnels within 30 minutes. The bath temperature was raised to 70 then 15 g. of 'zin'c'and 40 ml. of hydrochloric aci'd'were added in increments over 1 hour, The mixture was heated an additional hour at C.,' cooled, filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporaton-The concentrate was washed with distilled water, then taken up in diethyl ether. The other solution was washed with sodium bicarbonate, then with water to neutrality. The ether solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The reduced esters (l 13 g.) were distilled under vacuum to give 40.9 g. (22 percent yield from diethyl vinylphosphonate (DEVP) of 11a, n=D 1.3538; 9.3 g. (if-intermediate fraction, n' D 1.3694 42.3 g.

and filtered to give a fine brown solid (unidentifiedh'ifhe' filbe another 'telomer, rr=3.

Redistillation of a portion of Ila mm.). v

Anal. Calcd. for C,' H F', O;,P:.C,29.23; 11,-2.64; F, 53.35; P,5.80. Found: C,'29 .34; H, 2.84; F, 53.18; P, 5.59.

1111 had b.p. 138140C; (0.05 mm.).

Anal. Calcd. for C,,,H,,F,,0,P,; C, 32.68; H, 3.90; F, 40.81; P, 8.87; mol. wt., 698. Fou'nd: C, 32.73; H, 4.00; F, 40.88; P, 8.69; mol. wt. (chloroform). 702. r I

Anal. Solid residue; C, 28.79, H, 3.36; F, 29.35; P, 10.34.

Anal. Liquid residue: Calcd. for C,,H F, O P5: C, 34.82; H, 4.67; F, 33.04;P,10.77. Found: C, 33.37; H, 4.33; F, 31.34; P,

Example-3 1 q n 11-1, 11-1, 21-1, ZH-perfluorononylphosphonic dichloride (lIla)--lla (40 g., 0.075 mole) was heated with ml. of cone. hydrochloric acid at gentle reflux for 3 hours. The mixture was concentratedunder vacuum. to a gelatinous mass. Conc. hydrochloric acid (75 ml.), was added to the mixture and refluxed overnight. The mixture was again concentrated under vacuum. Benzene was added and the remaining water removed by azeotropic distillation into a Dean-Stark trap. After removal'of benzene, the solid residue was dried under vacuum at C. to a constant weight to give the crude acidadduct. This crude acid was dispersed in carbon tetrachloride and added to a rb flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, condenser and drying tube. The mixture was heated to gentle reflux then phosphorus pentachloride (36.6 g.,.0.176 mole) was added cautiously in small portionsthrough the condenser. The addition was completed in 30 minutes, and the solution refluxed overnight. Sulfur dioxide was bubbled through the warm solution to remove excess phosphorus pentachloride. The solution was concentrated under water aspirator vacuum, and the residue distilled at 69-72 C. (0.04 mm.) to give an 83 percent yield (32.2 g., 0.062 mole) of 111a, a white solid.

Anal. Calcdfor C,H,4Cl,F ,-,OP: C,20.99; H, 0.78; C1, 13.77; F, 55.34; P, 6.01. Found: C, 20.79; H, 0.89; CI, 13,76; F, 55.13; P, 5.99.

Example4 A Y 1-( 1 11,1 H-perfluorooctyl )-1 ,3-trimethylenediphosphonic tetrachloride (lllb)--llb (57.8 g., 0.083 mole) was heated at gentle reflux for 6 hours with cone. hydrochloric acid (300 ml.) in a l-liter rb flask equipped with a 500 ml. defoamerbulb and a condenser. The mixture was cooled in the refrigerator and the liquid decanted from the solid. More trate was concentrated to give a darkbrown liquid believed'to hydrochloric acid was added and the procedure repeated. The gellike material was concentrated in a large evaporating dish on the steam cone using benzene to remove residual water. The solid residue was dried under vacuum at 105 C. to a constant weight to give the crude acid-telomer, which was then reacted with phosphorus pentachloride as described for the crude acid-adduct above. lllb was distilled at 125-126 (0.01 mm.) to give a 40 percent yield (21.7 g., 0.033 mole) of a slightly yellow solid.

Anal. Calcd. for C, H Cl.,F, O P C, 20.02; H, 1.07; Cl,21.49; F, 43.18; P, 9.39; mol. wt., 660. Found: C, 20.16; H, 1.14; C1, 21.54; F, 43.29; P, 9.21;mol. wt. (chloroform), 673.

Example 5 1H, 1 H,2H,2H-perfluorononylphosphonic acid (lVa)llla (2 g., 0.004 mole) was dissolved in chloroform, then heated with g. of water in an evaporating dish. Residual water was removed by heating with benzene to dryness. The waxy solid residue was dried in a vacuum oven at 105 C. to a constant weight to give a 97 percent yield of Na, m.p. 155-8.

Anal. Calcd. for C l-l F,;-,O P: C, 22.61; H, 1.27;F, 59.61; P, 6.48; mol. wt., 478. Found: C, 22.33; H, 1.26; F, 59.73; P, 6.44; mol. wt. (methanol), 471.

Example 6 1-( l H, 1 Hperfluorooctylyl ,3-trimethylenediphosphonic acid (lVb)-IVbwas prepared from lllbas described for Na except it was dried to constant weight in a vacuum desiccator at room temperature.

Anal. Calcd. for C H F O P C, 22.54; H, 1.89; F, 48.62; P, 10.57. Found: C, 22.75; H, 1.95; F, 48.68;P, 10.77.

Example 7 111,1H,2H,2H-perfluorononylbis(1-aziridiny1)phosphine oxide (Va)Redisti1led triethylamine (12.6 g. 0.124 mole) and redistilled aziridine (5.4 g., 0.124 mole) in carbon tetrachloride (100 ml.) was added to a four-neck rb flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and condenser with drying tube. The flask was cooled to 5in an ice bath. 111a (29 g. 0.056 mole) in 75 ml. of carbon tetrachloride was added from the dropping funnel at such a rate as to keep the reaction temperature below 10. After the addition, the reaction temperature was allowed to rise to room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated at 35-40 C. with stirring for 1 hour. The copious white precipitate was removed by vacuum filtration, rinsed thoroughly with carbon tetrachloride and dried to give 14.7 g. (95 percent yield) of triethylamine hydrochloride. The filtrate was cooled at 0 overnight then filtered by gravity through sodium sulfate. The clear filtrate was concentrated to approximately 125 ml. on a rotary evaporator below 40. The solution was treated with decolorizing carbon and sodium sulfate then filtered by vacuum through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was again concentrated to approximately 75 ml. then 150 ml. of petroleum ether (3060 C.) was added. The solution was stored at for 1 hour. the liquid was decanted through filter paper (filtrate No. 1 The slurry of white precipitate was redissolved in 100 ml. of petroleum ether and stored at 20 C. overnight. The white waxy precipitate was filtered by vacuum, washed thoroughly with cold petroleum ether and dried in a desiccator to give 8.9 g. of Va, m.p. 4950; average aziridinyl assay of duplicate samples, 99.7 percent. The concentrated filtrate was diluted with petroleum ether and a second crop of crystals (10.1 g.) was obtained; m.p. 42-44 C., average aziridinyl assay ofduplicate samples, 97.7 percent. The filtrate was combined with filtrate No. l and concentrated to a yellow solid residue (7.1 g.). The first and second crop of crystals gave a 64 percent yield of Va.

Anal. Calcd. for C, H, F, N OP: C, 29.59; H, 2.29; F, 53.95; N, 5.30 P, 5.86; mol. wt., 528. Found: C, 29.50; H, 2.41; F, 54.00; N, 5.33; P, 5.78; mol. wt. (methanol), 530.

Example 8 1-(1H,lH-Perfluorooctyl)-1,3-trimethylenebis[di(l-aziridinyl phosphine oxide](Vb)-Vb was prepared from lVb as described for Va to give a 64 percent yield; m.p. 103-107 C.;

aziridinyl assay 97.3 percent. (Vb was obtained as a slightly purer product when dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and a polymeric material removed by filtration; aziridinyl assay, 100.2 percent).

Anal. Calcd. for C,,,H F, N,O P C, 33.25; H, 3.38; F, 41.52; N, 8.16; P, 9.03; mol. wt., 686. Found: C, 33.07; H, 3.14; F, 41.42; N, 8.08; P, 9.15; mol. wt. (chloroform), 691.

APPLlCATlON TO COTTON FABRIC In all of the following examples cotton printcloth was used. In some cases the cloth contained the wash-wear finish, dimethylol ethylene urea. The printcloth was immersed in the solution and the excess squeezed out by passing through squeeze rolls to a wet pickup of -85 percent. The fabric was then dried and cured in a forced draft oven, and finally rinsed and dried.

The two compounds used in the following examples are lH,lH,2H,2l-l-perfluorononylbis( l-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide and l-(1H,1H-perfluorooctyl)-l,3-trimethylene-bis[di( l-aziridinyl)]phosphine oxide. For brevity the two compounds will be designated FNAPO and telomer, respectively. The term oil rating will be abbreviated OR.

Example 9 A solution was prepared by dissolving FNAPO (0.5 gram) in a combination of water (4.5 grams) and ethanol (5.0 grams). The solution contained 5 percent FNAPO by weight. A sample of printcloth was immersed in 1 percent aqueous zinc fluoborate, the excess squeezed out, and the fabric dried. The thus impregnated fabric was then impregnated with the FNAPO solution, dried for 30 minutes at room temperature and cured for 20 minutes at C. The fabric had an oil rating (OR) of5. The fabric had an OR of'2 after five laundering cycles and an OR of 5 after 3 hours extraction with tetrachloroethylene in a Soxhlet extractor.

Example 10 Printcloth was treated as in Example 9 except that the solvent was ethanol instead of water-ethanol and the fabric was cured for 5 minutes at 150 C. The 01R of the fabric was 6. After five launderings the OR was 2.

Example 1 1 Pn'ntcloth was treated as in Example 9 except that the solvent was ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and 2 percent zinc fluoborate was used, and the fabric was dried for 3 minutes at 80 C. The OR of the fabric was 6. After five launderings the OR was 3.

Example 12 A 5 percent aqueous solution of FNAPO containing 1 percent zinc fluoborate was prepared and applied to cotton printcloth from a single bath. The cloth was dried for 5 minutes at 85 C. and cured for 5 minutes at (C. The strength retention of the fabric was good. The weight gain of the fabric was 2.1 percent and the OR was 6. After five launderings the OR was 3 and after five drycleanings the OR was 2. The spray rating was 50 both before and after 5 launderings.

Printcloth was treated in the same manner except that a 3 percent aqueous solution of FNAPO containing 0.6 percent zinc fluoborate was used. Similar results on oil and water repellency and strength retention were obtained.

Example 13 The two treatments in Example 12 were repeated except that the fabric used was treated with dimethylol ethyleneurea to impart wash-wear properties prior to treatment with FNAPO. Similar results on oil and water repellency were obtained. Fabric strength was lower due to the wash wear finish.

Example 14 Cotton printcloth was impregnated with an aqueous solution containing percent FNAPO and 0.5 percent zinc fluoborate. The fabric was dried for 5 minutes at 85 C. and cured for 5 minutes at l50 C. The OR was 6. After 5 launderings in a Tergitometer the OR was 2, and after a 3 hour extraction in a Soxhlet extractor the OR was 5.

Example 15 Example l6 Cotton printcloth was impregnated with an aqueous solution containing percent FNAPO and 1 percent zinc fluoborate. The fabric was dried for 5 minutes at 85 C. and cured for 5 minutes at 160 C. The OR was 6 before and after extraction with tetrachloroethylene and 4 after five Tergitometer launderings.

Example 17 Printcloth was treated as in example 16 except a 5 percent solution of FNAPO was used and the fabric was cured for 30 minutes at 120 C. without predrying. The OR was 6 before and after tetrachloroethylene extraction.

Example 18 A 5 percent aqueous solution of telomer containing 1 percent zinc fluoborate was prepared and applied to cotton printcloth from a single bath. The cloth was dried for 5 minutes at C. and cured for 5 minutes at l40 C. The weight gain of the fabric was 3.5 percent and the OR was 2. After one home laundering the OR was zero, and after four drycleanings the OR was 1. The spray rating was 50 before and after five home launderings or five drycleanings. The OR was 2 after 3 hours extraction with tetrachloroethylene in a Soxhlet extractor.

We claim:

1. A process for imparting to cotton textiles oil and water repellency comprising:

a. impregnating the cotton textile with about 1 percent of an aqueous zinc fluoborate catalyst solution, b. drying the wet impregnated textile from (a), and c. reacting the dry impregnated textile with a solution containing about 3 percent to 10 percent of a phosphorus containing compound selected from the group consisting of 1H, 1 H,2H,2H-perfluorononylbis( l-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, and l-( lH,lH-perfluorooctyl)l,3- -trimethy1enebis[di(laziridinyl)phosphine oxide], and

the servants selected from the group consisting of ethanol, a water-ethanol mixture, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is lH,lH,2H,2H-perfluorononylbis( l-aziridinyl)phopsphine oxide.

3. The process of claim 2 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is l-( lHJH-perfluorooctyl}1,3- trimethylenebis[di( EQAZlRlDlNYL)phoshine oxide].

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is dissolved in ethanol.

5. The process of claim I wherein the phosphorus containing compound is dissolved in a water-ethanol mixture.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is dissolved in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. 

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorononylbis(1-aziridinyl)phopsphine oxide.
 3. The process of claim 2 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is 1-(1H,1H-perfluorooctyl)-1,3-trimethylenebis(di(1aziridinyl)phoshine oxide).
 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is dissolved in ethanol.
 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is dissolved in a water-ethanol mixture.
 6. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus containing compound is dissolved in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. 